Since the design of purlins with sleeved bolted connections is often limited by the serviceability limit state, in this case excessive displacement, special attention is given to accurately determining and understanding the moment-rotation behavior of purlin-sleeve systems.
The design of slender floor structures, with steel or composite cross sections, is often limited by the serviceability criteria such as deflection limits and vibration behavior, rather than the strength criteria.
However in the design of beams the performance of the structural elements is often limited by the serviceability requirements, which are related to the serviceability limit state (SLS) using different load combinations than applied in the ultimate limit state.
The serviceability limit state included in the design problem is achieved by limiting the overall and intermediate storey drift in the building to height/300 as specified by the code.
For the dimensioning of the global modular structure, two states are important according to the Eurocodes: the ultimate limit states and the serviceability limit states.
In many geotechnical structures, advanced design incorporates the ultimate limit state and the serviceability limit state design criteria, for which the uniaxial compressive strength and deformability properties of the improved soils are needed.
In most limit state design codes, the serviceability limit checks for drilled shafts still use deterministic approaches.
For guarantee of the ultimate limit state (ULS) and the serviceability limit state (SLS) an independent peer review and the application of the observational method is necessary.
Ground motion suites representing the ultimate limit state (ULS) and the serviceability limit state (SLS) as defined by Eurocode 8 were created.
Most recent seismic codes, including the 2008 draft of the Egyptian code for design loads on structures (ECP 2008), are developed with two performance levels: one with the intent of limiting damage during frequent moderate earthquakes, namely the serviceability limit state, and the other ensuring collapse prevention during a major earthquake, namely the ultimate limit state.
