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Due to the limiting amount of sample available we were unable to perform replicate PCR runs, but each qPCR experiment was itself ran in triplicate.
Biased metagenomic sequence distribution can be a result of technical obstacles (DNA extraction and library construction), contaminations and limiting amount of sample material [ 9, 31].
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Quadruplicate (n = 23) and duplicate (n = 2; with limiting amount of RNA for cDNA synthesis) cDNA template samples were amplified and analysed on the ABI Prism 7900HT sequence detection system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).
Quadruplicate (n = 38) and duplicate (n = 3; with limiting amount of RNA for cDNA synthesis) cDNA template samples were amplified and analysed on the ABI Prism 7900HT sequence detection system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).
In two samples, due to the limiting amount of RNA, 0.75 μg was used for the cDNA synthesis.
In 3 samples, due to the limiting amount of RNA, 0.75 μg was used for the cDNA synthesis.
Thus this procedure offers efficient usage of the limiting amounts of clinical samples for combined testing of DNA and proteins.
Since the 1990s three major whole genome amplification techniques including primer extension pre-amplification (PEP) [ 48], degenerate oligonucleotide primed (DOP) PCR [ 49] and multiple displacement amplification (MDA) have been developed to address the problem of limiting amounts of DNA samples.
Because autoantibody-based serum analyses is of high interest for minimal invasive diagnostics, and research efforts are on the way for elucidation of antigenic biomarkers, paralleled analysis of the protein fraction in addition to DNA based methods are of high relevance for efficient usage of limiting amounts of retrospective clinical samples.
We have limited amount of time".
As it is likely that many clinical samples will have limited amounts of tissue, and hence RNA, available for assessing miRNA expression profiling, we examined whether reliable results could be attained when input was as low as 25 ng.
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