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Post-digest labeling with iTRAQ or ICAT isotopic labels [32] is also difficult due to limited sample availability, limitations in instrumentation (one-third rule with the LTQ spectrometer restricting detection of the labels in the low molecular weight range) [33], and the labile nature of phosphates and labels which causes reduced fragmentation and detection in MS/MS spectra [34].
Late erupting teeth (e.g. fourth premolars and third molars) were preferentially selected for sampling when available; however, due to limited sample availability some early erupting teeth and/or fragmentary specimens were sampled.
Limited sample availability prevented analysis of the 6 US snus and 2 of the portion Swedish snus samples.
The limiting viscosity number was determined using the Wetzel-Elliot-Martin's equation [23], with the moisture content assumed to be 5%, as due to limited sample availability it was not possible to determine it accurately.
Limited sample availability meant that actual activity could not be determined.
However, human cohort serum studies are restricted by limited sample availability, large clinical variations, and additionally substantial costs in terms of laboratory equipment and reagents.
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Hence, our experimental approach was constrained to phosphopeptide enrichment followed by a mTRAQ labeling strategy due to the limited samples availability.
Of note, in our study design, only two biological replicates were used for each condition, because of the limited budget and sample availability.
Last, but not least, ancient samples typically feature relatively low proportions of endogenous DNA [ 13, 16] such that sequencing multiple samples to higher coverage depths (for example >20× depth) to enable confident genomic assembly and variant calling, is often either cost-prohibitive or simply not possible due to limited sample or DNA availability.
In biosensing applications, when sample availability is limited, minimizing the total analyte volume consumed is especially important.
Using Q-PCR, we were able to confirm the expression of two miRNAs and two mRNAs, the inverse correlations between these miRNAs and mRNAs, and an identified miR-eQTL, despite the limited sample size due to the availability of RNA.
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