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One of the main drawbacks of EVs are their limited range, for that reason an accurate estimation of the state-of-charge (SOC) is required.
It is conceivable to fragment the passenger vehicle market into 3 broad classes: general purpose vehicles as defined today, commuter vehicles with limited range for daily commute and urban-only vehicles restricted to transportation in downtown areas, etc.
By variation in the relaxation time and the relative relaxation modulus of the adhesive, the simulation shows a limited range for the relaxation parameters over which the bow can be tuned for a specified carrier flexible substrate system.
Taken together, a working hypothesis is that boss-less organizational forms may be innovations but the boundary conditions may imply a limited range for their usefulness.
The framework can have a limited range, for it needs to offer security service in the range where the unique functions of a smart device are deteriorated.
Previous studies on optical spacers, which show enhancement of absorption at the photoactive layer via the insertion of optical spacers, however, have used a number of discrete values of spacer thicknesses over the limited range for given thicknesses of the photoactive layers.
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All endothelial cell lines used in this study have been reported to preserve their phenotype for a limited range of passages (for hCMEC/D3: up to P33 [ 24], for hBMEC: up to P25, for TY10: at least up to P50 [ 34], and for BB19: up to P21 [ 27]).
A qualitative estimation of flamelet models for the secondary reaction zone has shown a limited range of application for those models, as only some of the intervening reactions were found to present a stationary structure in mixture fraction space.
Polarisation curves indicate a limited range of passivity for both materials in neutral solution.
However, two challenges have kept 3-D printing a niche technology: its slow speed and the limited range of materials for which it's been suited.
It is demonstrated that the currently available simulators only address very limited range of solutions for a particular reservoir-engineering problem.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com