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An outside research assistant was employed to limit observer bias.
In order to limit observer bias, this step was carried out blinded to knowledge of the authors of the passages.
In order to limit observer bias as well as maintain the confidentiality of records, the resident investigator was not involved in gathering data from individual resident files.
Although skinfold thickness in particular is prone to observer bias, efforts were made to limit observer bias and its effects by observer training and review and by study-design features (ensuring that each observer measured approximately equal proportions of children of each ethnic group and sex).
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This was meant to limit potential observer bias or conscious deception, and reduce the influence of the placebo effect.
We tried to limit intrusive activities but observer bias was inevitable as study aims were explained and hospital staff knew that data was being collected.
Having these measures at the end of the study period limits the effects of observer bias on patient and provider behavior.
Additionally, by design, we could not fully control information bias; however, any observer bias was limited by data abstraction from the anemia management database.
In addition, in order to limit the pseudo-turnover caused by observer bias (Klimeš et al. 2001; Vittoz and Guisan 2007), one of the researchers who conducted some of the 1989 90 sampling was also involved in the 2010 12 field work activity.
Although visual scoring is fast and inexpensive, research in horses and dogs has shown that it may suffer from inherent subjectivity, is affected by observer bias and has limited intra- and inter-rater agreement, especially in untrained observers and in mild lameness [ 5- 9].
This potential observer bias is a limitation of the study.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com