Exact(2)
Taken together, these patterns suggest that while only a few changes on the surface are needed to evolve a new function, there are regions under strong structural/functional constraints that limit divergence such as the hydrophobic core and patches of conservation on the surface.
A hybrid approach, wherein the algorithm is initially set with weak selection and hard constraints to limit divergence, and then progressively configured with increased selection bias and/or relaxed mutational constraints (e.g. allow non-synonymous mutations in coding sequences if it is acceptable by the user) as the rate of target discovery slows down may then be recommended.
Similar(58)
According to agency theory, the owners of private for-profit hospitals may use profits as their measure of a manager's success and can limit divergences from their interest by making the manager's compensation a positive function of these profits and are thus more likely to achieve greater efficiency [ 69, 75– 75].
Therefore, they have limited divergence of their genomes, and can be used in complementary assays of genetic function.
It has been shown that pollination syndromes are integrated and are subject to selection that limits divergence in particular component traits away from some optimum (stabilizing selection, e.g., Figure 2) [ 17].
To mimic in vivo behavior of BCCs, it is essential to use primary BCCs in experiments since these cells would have limited divergence as might occur with cell lines.
To facilitate future exploration, we provide dN, dS, and dN/dS ratios at both the diploid and polyploid levels in Additional file 3. We also note the caveat that there is limited divergence experienced by cotton homoeologs, which results in stochasticity among dN/dS ratios derived from these small values.
Taken together, our results support both developmental constraint acting to limit the divergence of early expressed, developmentally important genes [ 5, 8], as well as the notion that accelerated divergence in adults is primarily due to increased selection pressures occurring during this stage.
Constrained Transport (CT) schemes aim to keep to zero at machine precision the sum of the magnetic fluxes through all surfaces bounding a cell, and therefore (in the continuous limit) the divergence of the magnetic field inside the cell.
Because recombination can function as a cohesive force to limit the divergence of each lineage, the single species M. aeruginosa can be recognized as an assemblage of multiple, independent phylogenetic units whose evolutionary consequence could also be distinct.
Our estimate of the lower limit for divergence time between C21R/C24R and C59S is 8.8 years.
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