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While it has been reported that depressive symptoms may increase the likelihood of restricting or stopping driving among older adults [ 30, 31], a large USA-based cohort study investigated the direction of the relationship and found that driving cessation affected depression and not vice versa [ 29].
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The models were fitted by maximum likelihood (ML) instead of restricted maximum likelihood (REML) in order to apply likelihood ratio tests to models with different fixed effects.
Parameter estimation is by maximum likelihood or by an extension of restricted maximum likelihood.
The models were fitted by means of restricted maximum likelihood estimation, in which the estimations of (restricted) log-likelihoods were based on the laplacian approximation.
In both models, estimates were calculated by means of Restricted Maximum Likelihood.
The method of restricted maximum likelihood (REML) was used to estimate the repeated measurement model.
To estimate the parameters in the mixed effects models we employed the method of restricted maximum likelihood (REML).
The method of restricted maximum likelihood (REML) was used to estimate the covariance parameters, and the Kenward-Rogers option was used to compute degrees of freedom.
Through application of restricted maximum likelihood estimation (REML), the proportion of genetic and/or G × E variance to the total variance can be estimated.
The genetic and residual variance components, σg and σe, are estimated using an efficient implementation of restricted maximum likelihood in EMMA.
The analyses were based on the method of restricted maximum likelihood so that all measurements made at baseline (n = 241), and at 4 months (n = 219) and 12 months (n = 207) could be used in the longitudinal analysis.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com