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The factors that increased the likelihood of hardship included if income was negatively impacted by CKD (OR: 4.80, 95% CI: 2.17-10.62) and concessional status (i.e. receiving government support) (OR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.38-6.91).
The adjusted risk factors that decreased the likelihood of hardship included: home ownership (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.14-0.71), access to financial resources (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11-0.50) and quality of life (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02-0.56).
The difference in hardship financing between Kalahandi on the one hand and Khorda and Malkangiri on the other hand remained unexplained with the current set of variables: living in Kalahandi could be associated with increased likelihood of hardship financing, because of higher utilization and costs of outpatient care compared to Malkangiri.
The current study makes an important contribution to the literature in this area by improving our understanding of the poorer economic circumstances of households affected by chronic illness and identifying the financial stressors that increase the likelihood of hardship in a CKD population.
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Granted, those with worse lives are probably going to be exposed to the greater number of risk factors for depression, but that doesn't mean those with reduced likelihood of exposure to hardships or tragic events are immune.
While many researchers have argued that economic hardship can raise the likelihood of suicide in people who are already vulnerable — like those with depression or other mental illnesses — research has been mixed.
The location where a household resides remains a major predictor of the likelihood to have hardship financing despite all other household features included in the model.
When controlled for all features of individual households as variables included in the logistic regression, still the district in which a household resides remains a major predictor of the likelihood to have hardship financing (table 3).
Not all their talk was of hardship.
The gnarled hands speak of hardship.
There was a lot of hardship here.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com