The final paper authored by S. Darmanjian and J. C. Príncipe introduces two new algorithms, that is, boosted mixtures and linked mixtures of hidden Markov chains, to decompose joint likelihoods into marginal likelihoods, demonstrating their simplicity and potential to be applied in brain machine interfaces.
Both Bayesian analysis and maximum likelihood methods demonstrated that the P. lebouriae plastid sequences branch with homologues from peridinin-type plastids of other unarmored dinoflagellates (Fig. 3).
The χ- difference test of the -2 Log Likelihood estimates demonstrated that the hierarchical two factor model with routinization and institutionalization as separate constructs showed a better fit than the one factor model (p <.01).
Standard likelihood theory demonstrates that it is not valid to compare likelihoods computed in different state spaces, preventing the simple comparison of AICC values of models with different state spaces (Burnham and Anderson 2002).
There is substantial variability among chronic pain clinical trials with respect to important research design considerations, and identifying and addressing any methodological weaknesses would enhance the likelihood of demonstrating the analgesic effects of new interventions.
MET systems are highly complex and inadequate or incomplete MET implementation may have reduced the likelihood of demonstrating a benefit.
Non-smokers had a significantly higher likelihood of demonstrating better knowledge on health risks related to AS (OR 1.6) and SHS (OR 1.7) than smokers.
Odds ratios in this study described the likelihood of demonstrating a particular behaviour (e.g., reading research evidence) given an individual characteristic (e.g., interest in EBP).
Clinical heterogeneity of participants in clinical trials is hypothesised as reducing the likelihood of demonstrating treatment effects, and sampling of more homogenous subgroups is recommended.
Assuming that all used markers are representative of pre-leukaemic clones, the likelihood of demonstrating the leukaemia markers appears to vary with age at leukaemia diagnosis.
In clinical trials, sponsors have a clear interest in designing a trial that will have the greatest likelihood of demonstrating a positive result for their product.
