This difference is assumed to be due to the video-only-like perception mode in an audiovisual context, where the users' attention is explicitly drawn to the audio quality only when transient events such as loss events occur.
Muhammad Ali's uncanny, Twain-like perception and inimitable rapid-fire quips are the real stars of When We Were Kings.
Yet, to achieve this native-like perception and production the children in our study required more than just the small amount of ambient English exposure at home and within the community.
This is further supported by L2 research that has shown that early learners show native-like perception and production for L2 contrasts (Baker & Trofimovich, 2005; Flege, Munro, & MacKay, 1995; McCarthy, Evans, & Mahon, 2013; Tsukada et al., 2005).
The flight of Africans from their own nations fuelled cartoon-like perceptions of the continent abroad, in which the Economist was far from alone.
Thus, improving students' expert-like perceptions appears to require pedagogical techniques that explicitly address epistemological issues.
For example, female students are predicted to end the semester with more expert-like perceptions (ß = 5.05, p = 0.08) compared with similar male students.
