Where we used to get our way, increasingly, even poor countries are saying "No thanks" when they do not like the modalities of aid or trade relationships, or the conditions we attach to them.
Also, modern modalities like PET allow achieving information on cardiac metabolism.
The results of scientific research and controlled clinical trials on modalities like herbs, nutritional supplements, acupuncture, massage and meditation are widely available.
"In Eastern Europe," he said, "physical therapy was 20 years ahead of the West in terms of modalities like magnetic therapy and electrotherapy.
But, in case of individuals described by categorical (qualitative) variables having a finite number of modalities (like in a survey), it is necessary to define a specific algorithm.
While modalities like Computed Tomography (CT) angiograms and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) gather data three dimensionally, this is only available through 2D monitors or printed materials.
For example, unlike for many other modal logics, formulas with nested modalities like □◊ p →□⊥ are not problematic, nor are there any disputes about which ones should be tautologies.
X-ray methods are limited to structural evaluation only and this limitation has been addressed by proposing mixed modal approaches, which couple this with other modalities, like positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 8– 11].
Video-EEG monitoring (vEEG) is the gold standard for PNES diagnosis but, like any modality, has limitations.
Many NGO key informants emphasized that program design considerations like assistance modality and delivery mechanism should be driven by beneficiary preferences and evidence of effectiveness, not NGO or donor preferences.
In the interviews, partners disagreed about what ideal communication would look like (both modality and frequency), however, most partners want to be more informed about PreVAiL activities.
