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Global propylene demand trends remain strong, and with the change toward lighter feedstocks in modern steam crackers there will be a growing dependence on the FCC to balance the supply side of the propylene equation.
The increase in cost can be attributed to several factors i) the increasing rise in the price of crude oil; ii) the move to lighter feedstocks from the cracking process and iii) the "shale-gas" surge in Europe and the US [3].
So the traditional feedstock of FCC, namely VGO, is replaced more and more by both heavier and lighter feedstocks.
Heavier feedstocks, such as resid, require more catalyst material (0.4 lbs per bbl) while lighter feedstocks, such as heavy gas oil (HGO), require less catalyst (∼0.15 lbs per bbl).
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A steady-state model for trickle-bed reactors was developed, primarily concerning hydroprocessing of light oil feedstocks containing volatile compounds.
The HDS activity was measured with straight-run light gas oil feedstocks under industrial hydrotreating conditions.
The complexity of oil refining increases with the current tendency to convert heavy feedstocks into lighter products and to enhance product quality.
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units currently account for 30%% of the worldwide propylene production with the remaining produced from ethylene steam cracking of light hydrocarbons and naphtha feedstocks.
The Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) is a complex but important refinery process to catalytically crack heavy feedstock to lighter and low sulphur products.
According to the analysis of group component, SRGO fraction can be converted to jet-fuel, liquefied petroleum gas providing C3/C 3 = and C4/C 4 = feedstock, light naphtha as the feedstock of ethylene cracking, and heavy naphtha as the reforming feedstock by using paraffin and naphthene component via a hydro-isomerization or mild hydrocracking pathway.
Using an fluid catalytic cracking light cycle oil feedstock, the activity of the catalyst is higher than that of commercial catalysts, giving a 14-unit cetane number increase at a diesel yield of 97.6 wt%.
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