However, the influence of light on proton permeation remains unknown.
Key structural parameters and contents of carboxyl groups of SiO2@PAAs were thoroughly characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis and conductometric titration.
In vitro and in vivo degradation behavior of coated stents and cast films were characterized by light microscope, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), weight loss, field-emission environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM-FEG) and SEM combined with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS).
The dimensions of the nanogels, in terms of hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and weight-average molecular weight (Mw), can be tuned up by controlling the electrolysis time, current density (j) and PVP and Fe2+ concentrations, as demonstrated via dynamic and static light scattering and gel permeation chromatography analysis.
Gel permeation chromatography-light scattering and bulk intrinsic viscosity measurements were used for the macromolecular characterization.
The number average molecular weight (M n), weight average molecular weight (M w) and polydispersity index (PDI) were determined by gel permeation chromatography-light scattering (GPC-LS) device by Malvern Viscotek GPC Dual 270 max.
Channelrhodopsins are light-activated ion channels that mediate cation permeation across cell membranes upon light absorption.
The aggregation behavior of the resulting amphiphilic polymer in water, THF, and DMF, was studied by gel permeation chromatography, laser light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy.
The fluorescent carbon nanoparticles grafted with polystyrene (f-CNP-g-PSt) were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, gel permeation chromatography, dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Among these structures, hollow structure, as a new special class of materials, has increasingly attracted interest because of its higher specific surface area, lower density, greater delivering ability, better permeation and stronger light-harvesting capacity compared to solid ones [11 13].
Methods applied include phase-solubility studies, permeation studies and dynamic light scattering.
