Only white light imaging was used with HDTV, and the images of the tumor area were digitally stored.
The agreement between visible light and autofluorescence ligament insertions had a mean Dice coefficient of 0.84 and the mean Dice coefficient of the interobserver variability for visible light imaging was 0.85.
All light imaging was done on a Leica DMIRE microscope using a Hamamatsu ORCA-ER camera and a 10× air lens with a numerical aperture of 0.30 or a 40× air lens with a numerical aperture of 0.60.
Tumor diameter and bioluminescent light imaging were measured bi-weekly.
Bioluminescent light imaging was facilitated by the custom-built optical imaging system as described above.
A general limitation of visualizing fluorescent light in optical imaging is endogenous light absorption, which can be easily illustrated by holding different colour laser pointers to one's fingers and examining the degree of light transmission through the tissue.
Illumination for white light and fluorescence imaging is coupled into a single light guide using conventional optics.
Using a bright, fiber-coupled white light source, color imaging is possible by additional lateral scanning of the probe in the direction parallel to the spectrally encoded axis.
Additionally, the use of visible light photons for imaging is an attractive option as it is less harmful than repeated use of ionizing radiation utilized in most other medical imaging modalities.
During imaging experiments, transmitted light images were also captured to ensure that there were no significant changes in cell morphology.
Light microscopy imaging was used to assess cellular morphology of macrophages incubated with or without brominated noscapine analogs [21].
