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Light extraction efficiency.
Therefore, ITO NWs can effectively improve the light extraction efficiency.
This indicates that the nanostructures enhance the light extraction efficiency.
The novel concept of the light extraction modelling is proposed.
Light extraction is also influenced by the refractive index of materials.
Third, low light extraction due to total internal reflection also plays a certain role [3].
Such ITO NWs open opportunity in LED devices to further improve light extraction efficiency.
It were used to analyze the modes coupling and light extraction in the nanorod LEDs arrays.
A roughing process was performed after the LLO process to enhance the light extraction efficiency.
The second one is the light extraction efficiency in nanopillar arrays at the emission wavelength.
Typically, in such a device, the light extraction efficiency was limited to ~20%.
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