This approach yields two lifetimes, a phase lifetime determined from the phase shift of the emission light and a modulation lifetime determined from decrease in modulation depth of the emission light relative to the excitation light [23].
The changes in fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime around phase transition temperatures are also observed.
During Gibbs's lifetime, his phase rule was experimentally validated by Dutch chemist H. W. Bakhuis Roozeboom, who showed how to apply it in a variety of situations, thereby assuring it of widespread use.
The extent of ATP depletion at different time points during the experiment correlates with an incremental reduction in the local free NADH content as indicated by a lengthening of the detected lifetime (tau phase) that surrounds the different chromatin density regions tested.
In deferred update replication, transactions pass through two phases in their lifetime: the execution phase and the termination phase.
In the case of frequency-domain FLIM, two lifetimes can be measured, that is, the phase lifetime and the modulation lifetime, which both decrease in FRET.
Since frequency domain FLIM yields a phase lifetime and a modulation lifetime, the FRET efficiency can be calculated based on τϕ and τM.
First, to get an indication of trends, the average phase lifetime and average modulation lifetime were determined for each BaF/3 cell along with the average values for a number of cells.
In the absence of EGF or Grb2 mRFP, the emission from BaF/3 cells expressing EGFR eGFP was characterized by a phase lifetime of 2.82 ± 0.01 ns and a modulation lifetime of 2.81 ± 0.02 ns.
In the presence of both EGF and Grb2 mRFP, the phase lifetime of EGFR eGFP decreased further to 2.46 ± 0.01 ns, whereas the modulation lifetime remained at the value in the presence of Grb2 mRFP.
