The depiction of violence in crime fiction is a perennial source of argument: Val McDermid has claimed that women writers, used to a lifetime of experiencing potential dangers, tend to write about what violence feels like, while men more often write about what it looks like; but she expressly exempted Billingham from this characterisation.
It's a problem that's much bigger than Flint: there are millions of lead pipes all across America, putting children at risk of stunted growth, brain damage and a lifetime of diminished potential.
Here, we analysed data from a tractable host parasite model system, the freshwater planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna and the obligate-killing bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa, to study the genetic and environmental influences on the distribution of the lifetime transmission potential of each host.
The mechanism of the fatigue-crack growth is essential to understand the fatigue and fracture behavior of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and is thus critical to predict the service lifetime of BMGs as potential engineering structural materials.
These data suggest that the immune-mediated increase in mortality rate caused by blocking IL-10R imposed a fitness cost to the parasite in terms of decreased lifetime transmission potential regardless of parasite genotype and independent of total parasite load.
Such testing will be useful for evaluating the lifetime and fatigue properties of potential new thin films and coatings for high-impact operations, where understanding the influence of temperature is crucial.
Under these conditions, maturing at a young age maximizes the number of potential lifetime spawning events.
Gametocyte density correlates positively with infectivity to mosquitoes and, when summed over course of infection, provides an indicator of lifetime transmission potential [ 32- 34].
However, the effect of overzealous immune responses on the lifetime transmission potential of genetically distinct malaria parasites that vary in virulence has not, until now, been examined.
Recent studies of the long-term effect of good teaching indicate that improving the quality of teachers just from poor to middling has a significant effect on the lifetime earnings potential of a typical school class.
