I used the car sales data during 1993 2014 (JADA 2015), a 2005 environmental input output table (National Institute for Environmental Studies 2010), and the vehicle lifetime density function estimated by Kagawa et al. (2011).
Finally, the femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy studies unambiguously revealed the close correlations between the defect-related carrier lifetime, density of defect states, and the conversion efficiency of the devices.
A time constant distribution can be visualised by for instance lifetime density mapping, but this approach gives at best semi-quantitative information [28].
Results on related parameters such as high frequency dielectric constant, plasma frequency, relaxation lifetime, electron density, film thickness and band gap are discussed.
In this review, the electrochemical properties, reversible capacity, long cycle capability, high discharge capacity, battery lifetime, power density, energy efficiency, tensile strength, and mechanical properties of various foam electrode materials are discussed.
The work presented in this paper proposes an efficient routing protocol named AHP-based Multimetric Geographical Routing Protocol (AMGRP) as it adopts an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) while considering multiple routing criteria such as mobility metric, link lifetime, node density and node status which have been accepted as crucial factors for better performance of a protocol.
Fig. 12 Partitioning multipath routing comparison among three well-known algorithms: upper-bounded lifetime, node-density control, and WSNs optimization algorithms.
Moreover, by incorporating equivalent circuit model with the C V measurement method, trap density, lifetime and Schottky barrier height are extracted in erbium-silicided Schottky diode.
These two categories have their own advantages and disadvantages, involving energy-storage density, lifetime, discharging, leakage, size and so on [10].
The most important factors, i.e., interface-trap density, lifetime and Schottky barrier height of erbium-silicided Schottky diode are estimated using equivalent circuit method.
The extracted interface trap density, lifetime and Schottky barrier height for hole are estimated as 1.5 × 1013 traps/cm2, 3.75 ms and 0.76 eV, respectively.
