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Free volume and density gradient widths of the free surface of high molecular mass polystyrene was characterized by use of a pulsed low-energy positron lifetime beam.
We present computer simulations of a new design of a variable energy positron lifetime beam that uses for a start signal the secondary electron emission from a 25-nm thick carbon foil (C-foil) located in front of the sample.
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Residual gas scattering beam lifetime is more than 100 hours, and Touschek beam lifetime is 17hours,the total beam lifetime is about 16hours (200mA/3.These.These indicate that Touschek effect is the main limitation to total beam lifetime but not residual gases.
The observed lifetimes of beams stored in each stable region were different under the same conditions, except for the tune values.
This phenomenon is called dynamic vacuum effect, observed at CERN, GSI and BNL, leading to the decrease of beam lifetime when increasing beam intensity.
A low operating pressure and resulting long beam lifetime was achieved within a short operation period.
Gamma-ray generation with no reduction in beam lifetime was confirmed by these tests.
In our best results, we have achieved over a factor of two increase in the beam lifetime.
The low pressure is needed to reduce the charge exchange rate between the accelerated ions and the residual gas molecules and therefore to increase the ion beam lifetime.
This will maintain an average dynamic pressure of around 1 × 10−9 mbar to achieve a beam lifetime >15 h at the designed current.
Four cavities were installed to lengthen the electron bunches and increase the beam lifetime which is dominated by large angle intrabeam (Touschek) scattering.
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