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In cloverleaf the first component noun is attributive and modifies the second, as also in the terms aircraft, beehive, landmark, lifeline, network, and vineyard.
This chapter discusses a seismic risk management method for a deteriorating lifeline network system based on the probability of system-performance failure.
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Moreover, WDNs are part of a city's infrastructure system and thus are interconnected to all essential lifeline networks.
Nevertheless, there is ground for improvement by adapting existing knowledge from research on other types of lifeline networks, such as transportation networks.
An accurate and efficient reliability evaluation is necessary for network systems with uncertain conditions, especially for the lifeline networks subjected to earthquakes.
The chapter first reviews seismic damage to buried water pipelines and their facilities, and then discusses seismic risk assessment methods of lifeline networks in which structural and functional failures are correlated.
When a massive disaster occurs, to repair the damaged part of lifeline networks, planning is needed to appropriately allocate tasks to two or more restoration teams and optimize their traveling routes.
It is also important to keep ash out of buildings, machinery and lifeline networks (in particular water and wastewater systems,) to prevent some of the damage caused by ash particles.
(renamed the Auckland Lifelines Group 2014) which is continuing work to reduce the vulnerability of Auckland's lifeline utility network to various natural hazard events.
The eruption scenario descriptions, lifeline utility network information, damage and mitigation tables have remained in current use up until relatively recently when new studies underway are updating the information (e.g. AELP-2, 2014, DEVORA, 2014).
Efficient modeling and simulation of the CAS, reduces energy demand and increase the lifeline of the network which in turn increases network capabilities to handle user in energy efficient way.
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