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In addition, more diverse study types and effect measures are represented in the second data set as well as NOECs also derived from fish full life cycle tests, which never occurred in the data set of "most similar endpoints".
Life cycle tests with EDCs have been described for the fathead minnow (e.g., Länge et al. 2001), medaka (e.g., Yokota et al. 2001) and zebrafish (e.g., Fenske et al. 2005; Nash et al. 2004; Segner et al. 2003).
Life cycle tests can capture all the end points collected during the shorter-term developmental and reproduction assays described previously; as such, these tests provide information that can be used for population modeling as well as for diagnosing endocrine MOA.
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Additionally, life cycle test revealed that supercapattery was highly stable and lost only 6.4% of its initial capacity after 3000 cycles.
Additionally, a 56-d life cycle test was performed with a modified design to further evaluate effects of Carbo-Iron on adult H. azteca and their offspring.
In this system, feedback from the vacuum gauge attached to valve enclosure, is given and the life cycle test is automated.
Similarly to results observed with C. dubia, the choice of dispersion method influenced toxicity in a harpacticoid copepod T. japonicus exposed to DWCNT dispersed either by stirring or sonication in a life cycle test [82].
However, the life cycle testing over 60 h showed that the URFC with the novel GDL was more stable than the URFC with the traditional GDL, indicating that the GDL with TiC and IrTiOx was beneficial to improve the cycle life of the URFC.
Salmonids such as the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that have received historical attention regarding toxicology research in North America and Europe are not conducive to routine partial or full life cycle testing because of their comparatively long life cycle and large size.
In one example Grist et al. (2003) evaluated data generated in a full life cycle test conducted with fathead minnows exposed to ethinylestradiol (Länge et al. 2001), and they concluded that reductions in population growth rate caused by the estrogen would be due to effects on fertility rather than on survival.
Conclusive confirmation is possible with fish life-cycle tests.
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