This provided four mutually exclusive trajectories to examine the life course patterning of disease risk, adjusting for town (as fixed effect), age and smoking status.
We examine life course patterns of disaffiliation, in the aggregate, across multiple cohorts in Austria and Ireland from the 1970s to the 2000s.
Building on the work of Esping-Andersen (1990, 1999), numerous scholars have explained cross-country differences in fertility and life course patterns by linking them to different institutional constellations (e.g., Mills and Blossfeld 2005; see also Neyer 2003 for a feminist critique).
Although the approach has limitations, including the requirement to merge the four socioeconomic position categories into two and to include not more than three age-groups, it does provide an indication of best fitting life course exposure patterns, although in some cases the distinction between the best fitting and the next best fitting models is not strong.
The effects of early-life conditions are known to evolve over the life course, and this pattern may also become apparent in the effects of birth region on obesity in later life.
The relative health of the oldest group has been explained by aging theories pertaining to resilience [ 22]. aging trajectories [ 23, 24], and profiles of 'survivors, escapers, and delayers'[ 25], which all describe how morbidity in the late life course can follow different patterns.
In our study, women who had high Western pattern scores both in adolescence and in adulthood had the greatest risk of T2DM, suggesting that adhering to a Western dietary pattern during adolescence may affect risk of T2DM beyond that imparted by high Western pattern scores in adulthood, possibly by persistence of an unhealthy dietary pattern through the life course.
Conversely, if the cumulative disadvantage hypothesis is true then SES throughout the life course will associate with disability patterns in the very old.
5 6 Given that blood pressure follows a tracking pattern over the life course, 7 8 it is very likely that high sodium consumption during childhood increases future risk of adult hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD).
