Our ETN data (Fig. 4i) and previous reports36 indicate that ERK1/2 lie downstream of mTNF-mediated reverse signalling.
Furthermore, RPS14 is thought to lie downstream of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which has a central role in governing translation.
These methods can be used to identify genes that lie downstream of developmentally important transcription factors and genes that are expressed in specific tissues, processes, or stages of embryonic development.
Understanding the mechanisms by which β-arrestins activate signaling pathways like ERK1/2 is critical given the important biological responses that lie downstream of these pathways.
A key question is if the genes respond directly to mechanical stimuli or if they lie downstream of other more direct mediators.
This finding could have consequences in the temporal deposition of the two marks, which lie downstream of H2BUb, suggesting that H3K79me2 acts upstream of H3K4me3.
This correlation structure could be the result of gene expression traits driving the clinical traits in a causal relationship, or alternatively the gene expression changes could lie downstream of the variation in the clinical traits.
Consistent with this, immunoprecipitation studies reveal reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of several other signalling proteins that lie downstream of the FcRγ-chain in the GPVI signalling cascade, namely Syk, Btk and PLCγ2 (Fig 6C).
Since c-Raf is known to lie downstream of Akt, and upstream of ERK [25], [26], we then sought to confirm that this was also the case in rCMECs.
In an effort to further investigate aberrations in insulin signaling under these experimental conditions, we also studied the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and S6K, which lie downstream of the PI3-kinase-IRS-1 complex.
Next, to analyze the mechanisms of abnormal behavior generation in DGKβ KO mice and the lithium sensitive mechanisms in DGKβ KO mice, we assessed the phosophorylation levels of Akt and GSK3β, which lie downstream of PKC and PA.
