They also stated the need for tighter control of the private sector, through increased supervision, and suggested linking practice licenses to knowledge of and adherence to MOH policies.
Besides bearing a strong association with displaying of licenses, knowledge of the name of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act was associated with availability of a working refrigerator and the practice of keeping prescription records.
Though multilateral agreements on patents allow compulsory licenses for drugs for public health reasons, only a handful of countries, including Brazil and Thailand, have issued such licenses, said Jamie Love, director of Knowledge Ecology International, a Washington group involved with patents and human rights.
We suggest that standard licensing, which typically entails a simple exchange of knowledge for money, is less likely to lead to a product innovation than licensing embedded in a broader partnership.
National licensing examinations, such as the United States Medical Licensing Exam® (USMLE®), can indicate the recommended scope of knowledge for all medical students.
However, the licensed physical therapists in this study demonstrated higher levels of knowledge in managing musculoskeletal conditions than physical therapist students and all physician subgroups, except for orthopaedists.
This paper compares the localization of knowledge flows from university inventions through market contracts (licenses) and nonmarket "spillovers" exemplified by patent citations.
The dependent variable is the firm's propensity to repeat licensing, which is used as a proxy indicator of the impact that prior PRIs' IP licensing and knowledge transfer has on the firm's innovation output.
In an effort to assess various measures of knowledge diffusion, this paper compares patent data surrounding recombinant DNA technology to licenses and publications building on the same technology.
Not only is this skepticism generated by the moral license of the libertines; it contrasts badly with the credulity they exhibit in other areas of knowledge.
