Those rules oblige it to license "standard essential" patents on "fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory" terms to any company.
The Justice Department, when it approved Google's acquisition of Motorola and the consortium's purchase of Nortel's patents earlier this year, issued a statement praising the "clear commitments" by Apple and Microsoft to license standard patents on fair terms.
Those policies were: a "No-license-no chips" policy, incentive payments to phone OEMs (specifically 2013 Apple agreement), and a refusal to license standard essential patents (SEPs) to rival chipmakers.
The law will do this by creating a model licensing standard.
"Licensing Standard-Essential Patents: Microsoft v. Motorola (2015)." Chang, Howard H., and Richard Schmalensee.
The "vast majority" of this, says Paul Melin, Nokia's chief intellectual-property officer, comes from licensing "standard-essential" patents, or SEPs.
Specific recommendations include tax benefits for energy storage projects, retrofit workforce licensing standards, better land use surrounding transit stations, and increased renewable energy on farms by expanding net metering and feed-in tariff programs.
Key policy recommendations: Expanded support of retrofit financing programs, development of retrofit workforce licensing standards, enhanced mapping of housing stock and climate zones, and statewide marketing campaign to promote retrofits.
Later, Gotterbarn and colleagues in the ACM and the Computer Society of the IEEE Institutee of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) developed licensing standards for software engineers.
To avoid this problem, technology companies involved in setting a standard commit to license standard-essential patents on "fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory" terms – known as FRAND terms.
Licensing standards speak to health and safety, but not so much to the quality of education offered at a center.
