Subsequent ballistic return of the sunlight-warmed ejecta curtain could scour the surface out to many crater radii, possibly liberating loosely bonded surface volatiles (e.g., H2).
This pNA is later cleaved at the C-terminal amide bond, liberating the fluorophore/chromophore, the fluorescence/absorbance of which can be measured spectrophotometrically.
Upon exposure to porcine liver esterase (PLE), the enzymatic reaction should cleave the ester bond to liberate 3,5-bis trifluoromethyl benzoic acid.
While iodinated tracers are prone to undergo enzymatic cleavage of the C–I bond to liberate iodide, the low uptake of radioactivity in the bladder, stomach and thyroid exclude de-iodination as a major metabolic route.
The device offered a new way to measure the energy liberated when atomic bonds are broken.
The alkaline condition breaks ester bonds, liberates the fatty acids [ 20], and possibly facilitates later extraction by degrading structures such as cell walls [ 21].
Absorbed radiation can break chemical bonds in tissues, liberating charged ions (hence the term "ionizing radiation") that can damage DNA and produce cancer should cells be unable to repair themselves.
Many intestinal bacteria are able to reduce the azo bond (termed azofission), which liberates the substituted naphthol compounds.
Notably, during dephosphorylation this enzyme generates pyrophosphate, which bears a high-energy phosphate bond unlike the orthophosphate liberated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase.
Alkali cleaves the ester bond components of such bridges, liberating the ferulic acid (FA) residue and lignin from carbohydrates and yielding a small amount of FA (1-41-4% 33, 34] 34].
