Significantly however, many of these findings were ultimately not relied upon by the district and appellate court in conjunction with the imposition of liability for violation of $S 2 of the Sherman Act As the appellate court observed, even an act of pure malice by one business competitor against another does not, without more, state a claim under the federal antitrust laws...
Under the Supreme Court's precedents governing municipal liability for constitutional violations, it isn't enough to prove that egregious violations occurred.
But it would be a difficult argument because the Supreme Court several years ago closed the door to what is called "aiding and abetting liability" for securities violations.
Google hopes to strike deals that will give it the rights to mainstream programming and also wipe away its potential liability for any violations of copyright law by YouTube so far.
"When you look back at the history of copyright legislation, there has been an effort by Hollywood to pin the liability for copyright violations on the network that transmits the material.
Unfortunately, regulators (and the public) don't typically take best intentions into account when assigning liability for ethical violations.
However, a number of court decisions indicate that liability for GINA violations does not extend to individual employees since the statute references employers.
Despite the state's jobs gains, California's climate for employers has drawn fresh criticism of late, thanks to increases in the minimum wage, new mandatory paid sick leave and laws that increase liability for labor violations.
A footnote in that decision instructed lower courts to consider a related question, too: "whether international law extends the scope of liability for a violation of a given norm to the perpetrator being sued, if the defendant is a private actor such as a corporation or individual".
Immunity doctrines fashioned by the Supreme Court out of whole cloth insulate government officials against civil liability for rights-violations.
That doctrine shields state officials from liability for civil rights violations so long as their conduct did not violate "clearly established" law.
