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The ratio of spliced (XBP1-s) to unspliced (XBP1-u) XBP1 levels was determined using semi-quantitative RT PCR; PCR products of XBP1-s and XBP1-u were separated using electrophoresis on a 2.5% agarose gel and visualized with ethidium bromide staining.
The ability of scaffold along with a bioactive molecule, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) for osteo-differentiation at cellular and molecular levels was determined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs).
Statistic significance (P<0.05) of the differences in the expression levels was determined using ANOVA SASsoftwarere, version 9.0), after loge transformation of the data, for the genes RMEL1 and RMEL2, or the Mann–Whitney test (SigmaPlot software) for RMEL3.
Plasma GSH levels was determined using methods of Beutler [ 14].
Expression of Cdkn1a levels was determined using methods previously described (Comstock et al, 2011, 2013).
The effect of SB consumption on uric acid levels was determined using linear regression models.
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The DNA methylation levels were determined using various methods.
Relative expression levels were determined using the 2−ΔΔCt method.
NADPH levels were determined using the NADP+/NADPH quantification kit (Biovision).
IL-8 levels were determined using an OptEIA™ human IL-8 ELISA kit (Becton-Dickenson).
Glucose levels were determined using a glucose assay kit (Sigma-Aldrich).
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