Exact(2)
It is based on van Hiele's geometric thinking level theory, which consists of four levels: recognition, visual association, description/analysis, and abstraction/relation.
This always comprised the between-subjects factors of Exposure (two levels, Pre-exposed versun-exposedsed Control groups), and Instructions (two levels, Recognition versus Categorisation groups).
Similar(58)
"On another level, recognition is very challenging.
Perhaps there's nothing more going on than hardware-level recognition of a print, with no per-user associations.
High-Level Recognition with Funding.
The performance gains are observed to be up to 9.9 percentage points for category-level recognition and 16.49 percentage points for instance-level recognition over the second-best performing descriptor.
If a similar approach was taken in speech recognition, this would be equivalent to performing phoneme level recognition first and then using that phonetic segmentation, inherently prone to errors, to try to infer word level recognition.
In this paper, we proposed a novel scene text recognition technique that performs word level recognition without character segmentation.
During decoding, if we record each word hypotheses along with its phone sequence, we can obtain phone-level recognition results.
The experiments demonstrate that the proposed CoSPAIR descriptor outperforms the state-of-the-art descriptors in both category-level and instance-level recognition tasks.
They proudly report that their community also respects them now as they have received national level recognition through awards and media coverage.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com