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That phase whips up strong trade winds that bury more heat beneath sea surfaces, contributing to extraordinary levels of warming recorded in the oceans.
The science of climate change tells us that, to avoid catastrophic levels of warming – and the droughts and floods that would inevitably follow – global emissions, which are rising at record speed, must peak within the next five years.
Keith Allott, head of environment group WWF-UK's climate change programme, said: "Like it or not, we are already committed to significant levels of warming because of the carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere.
On this question of how much more carbon we can burn without having dangerous levels of warming (carbon budgets), Fiona Harvey points out: The IPCC carbon budget to stay below 2C is 800-880 gigaton carbon.
2018 is also the next high-stakes rendezvous when nations can narrow the so-called "emissions gap" between their carbon-cutting pledges and the level of reductions needed to stave off dangerous levels of warming.
Leading climate scientists like James Hansen have explained that if we don't keep the vast majority of that carbon in the ground, we will unleash catastrophic levels of warming.
Similar(20)
It is considered an intermediate level of warming.
A rise of 2C may mask big problems that begin at a lower level of warming.
Two degrees constitutes a level of warming referred to as a "dangerous" by scientists.
They want an agreement from Paris that would seek to keep warming at around 1C, which is about the current level of warming above pre-industrial levels.
The level of warming and associated sea-level rise that would inundate the Maldives could also tip climate change beyond man's control.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com