Above the level of the ring, the stem is bare, while below it is scaly like the cap.
Above the level of the ring, the stem is pale orange to brown, while below it is whitish or pale pink, becoming grayish-brown at the base.
Above the level of the ring, the stem surface has a very fine whitish powder and is paler than the cap; below the ring it is brown down to the reddish-brown to bistre base.
The surface of the stem above the level of the ring is white and covered in woolly tufts of mycelia; below the ring it is white with buff to greyish transverse, grooved bands.
The stem surface above the level of the ring is white, sparsely covered with woolly or fuzzy tufts, occasionally breaking into transverse bands; below the ring the stem surface is smooth or occasionally breaks into bands or fibrillose scales.
Pholiota mutabilis produces fruit bodies roughly similar in appearance and also grows on wood, but may be distinguished from G. marginata by its stems bearing scales up to the level of the ring, and from growing in large clusters (which is not usual of G. marginata).
Secondary objectives include vaccine effectiveness at the level of the ring, and incidence of serious adverse events.
The biases that are particularly relevant to cluster randomised controlled trials also apply to ring vaccination trials, including imbalances in important variables at the level of the ring.
As vaccination rings can be viewed as clusters and because randomisation occurs at the level of the ring, the extensive literature on the design, analysis, and reporting of cluster randomised trials can be readily adopted.
Through research on the internet and with advice from my doctor, I lowered my sodium intake dramatically, which helped to reduce the level of the ringing.
