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For small values of β so that low levels of hitch-hiking occur, â B has smaller bias than â F. However, for high levels of hitch-hiking â F is less biased, particularly when clonal interference is low.
When negative selection is strong so that levels of hitch-hiking are low, â B tends to perform better.
There is some variation over time, with wider confidence intervals in the earlier samples due to small sample sizes, but D1values are mostly centred around zero, suggesting low levels of hitch-hiking.
In the other scenarios, the order of selection criteria according to the level of hitch-hiking was the same.
This implies that strength of selection on the QTL may be an essential factor for the level of hitch-hiking observed for each selection criteria.
In the current study, the level of hitch-hiking was measured by the ratio of σ(Δ p LN ) to σ(Δ p SN ).
The level of hitch-hiking for LN was measured by dividing the variance of allele frequency changes for LN by the variance of allele frequency changes for SN σ 2 Δ p LN σ 2 Δ p SN.
Figure 5 illustrates the relationship between the hitch-hiking effect and the distance between LN and its nearest QTL and shows a distinct peak in the level of hitch-hiking in the vicinity of the QTL for all scenarios and for all selection criteria.
The implement may command either level of tractor hitch, engage power takeoff, or control auxiliary hydraulic valves.
Place a bathroom scale at the level of the hitch ball.
A half hitch is the simplest form of hitch and is actually a variant of the overhand knot.
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