If species were all specialized, but for different levels of disturbance (some specialized on old forests, some specialized on intermediately disturbed areas, and others on extensive disturbance), it would be expected that all species would have low Jaccard dissimilarities, but exhibit a flat linear distribution across the gradient in mean disturbance.
We adapted standard experiments commonly used to assess personality in captive animals to compare three personality traits in 72 wild juvenile spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta, living either in areas heavily disturbed by human activity or in areas with low levels of disturbance.
Invasion of natural ecosystems by weedy grasses is often associated with increasing levels of disturbance.
The final disturbance scores found low to moderate levels of disturbance indicative of lightly populated area.
Actually, both forest remnants presented habitat features typical of forests subject to higher levels of disturbance.
Management alternatives with similar levels of disturbance had similar landscape composition but different landscape patterns.
High levels of disturbance lead to oscillation between domination by early successional species and large disturbances.
Greater levels of disturbance were observed on windward surfaces with steeper slopes.
The latter is then synthesized by ensuring guaranteed levels of disturbance rejection and fault detection and isolation sensitivity.
This was especially damaging due to the high levels of disturbance prevention ecosystem services beaches and dunes provide.
Faunal community structure was more variable at treatment combinations of low levels of disturbance and high levels of organic enrichment.
