Exact(3)
Lactating Holstein cows were fed diets with increasing levels of cracked Pima cottonseed to determine its effects on plasma gossypol concentrations as well as milk yield and composition and dry matter (DM) intake in a short-term study.
The treatment diets consisted of 2 levels of cracked wheat: 0 (control, corn based concentrate) and 35% (diet-induced SARA, wheat-based concentrate), with a constant forage- (45% alfalfa hay and 5% corn silage of DM) to-concentrate (50% of DM) ratio.
Milk yield, as well as its components and DM intake, were not affected by increasing dietary inclusion levels of cracked Pima cottonseed up to 8.6% of DM intake for either primiparous or multiparous cows, even though plasma gossypol concentrations increased sharply over this dietary inclusion range.
Similar(57)
Of the three systems investigated, the one with the highest Young's modulus at the middle of the film thickness was found to exhibit significantly lower levels of cracking at higher indentation depths.
A pre-weld heat treatment that produced the minimal grain boundary liquation resulted in a higher level of cracking compared to those with more intergranular liquation.
A thin crystalline SnO layer is formed on the surface of Sn plating and whiskers, which exhibits a high level of cracking.
For R = −1, the three methodologies resulted in similar levels of crack tip shielding.
A breakdown in fracture mechanics similitude for constant ΔK, PH20/f, and crack length experiments is observed due to varying levels of crack wake roughness.
The discharging process facilitates void nucleation but decreases the flow stress (as shown previously), leading to enhanced fracture toughness at all levels of crack growth.
The ACR methodology consistently indicated lesser levels of crack closure or shielding, which were insensitive to the applied stress level, when compared with the CWI and opening load approaches for R > 0.
A brief parametric study involving the variation of crack depth is presented at the end which suggests that the magnitudes of the higher harmonic peaks increase with increasing levels of crack severity.
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