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Higher levels of centrality refer to communities offering a broader spectrum of functions.
The ELAS approach addressed this by introducing different levels of centrality, differentiated according to the services available in the town the settlement belongs to.
This statistical material allowed the formulation of 75 different modal splits linked to all 5 levels of centrality and 5 age brackets.
Thorough studies linking these levels of centrality and the demographic set-up of residents with daily and leisure mobility allow the evaluation of these factors within the ELAS calculator without requiring excessive data acquisition from the user.
This applies in particular for individual mobility of residents according to the levels of centrality that form the base of characterising the spatial interaction between settlements and services used by residents.
In order to obtain realistic data for evaluation of crucial aspect of the sustainability of settlements as well as to verify statistical data from other sources, a thorough analysis of ten Austrian settlements in seven municipalities, representing all levels of centrality, was undertaken (see Table 2).
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The accessibility of service shows a certain level of centrality, since the highest grade is concentrated in the central Bao'an, central Longgang, and the central part of the city.
The diachronic approach shows the different developments of both areas throughout time, indicating the importance of different environmental and social factors that create the level of centrality.
Table 1 Definition of 'levels of centrality' Level of centrality Description 1 Community without centrality, no basic function and no local supply available 2 Community without centrality, no basic function but local supply available 3 Small centre 4 Regional centre (e.g. main municipality of a county) 5 Supra-regional centre (e.g. main municipality of a federal state).
It measures the level of centrality of streets.
That means, in order to consolidate and seek a higher level of centrality, an individual with a higher level of centrality prefers to share original knowledge.
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