We report the statistical detection (at the >99% confidence level) of a population of 28th magnitude objects exhibiting proper motions of ≈1" hr-1 at quadrature in deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST /WFPC2 images.
At the level of a population of oocytes, the response is graded-the higher the concentration of progesterone, the larger the fraction of oocytes that will mature-but at the level of the individual oocyte, the response is all-or-none.
All areas of biological physics can be addressed, from the molecular level, through the mesoscale of membranes and cells, up to the macroscopic level of a population of living organisms, the main criteria of acceptance being the physical content of the research and its relevance to biological systems.
This does not mean spectacular measures but putting in place the solid foundations without which it is impossible to sustainably raise the health level of a population.
Thus, the strength of simulated TCR signaling correlates to the proportion of T cells that produce IL-2 at the level of a population of CD4+ cells.
At the level of a population, these results can have a strong negative impact on the outcome of currently implemented HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs.
At the level of a population, the same mechanism explains why when bacterial growth slows down, as at the entry in stationary phase, virus production increases.
The idea of bistable activity corresponding to fixed attractor states may apply at the level of a population of neurons, and could be the essential neuronal correlate of working memory.
As such, they can provide a useful basis for aggregating the combined effects of multiple stressors at the level of a population.
At the level of a population average, the crosstalk between the C8HSL and 3OC6HSL inputs is well-described by a competitive inhibition model.
