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However, the step from the qualitative description of the properties to their evaluation, as well as the matching of the contribution level of the characteristics to the challenges could incorporate subjective bias and vagueness.
The small numbers of emphysema RRs for ex smoking (17) preclude reliable study of variation by level of the characteristics of interest.
To investigate the effects of patient characteristics on the appropriateness of referral, we compared means of ratings for each level of the characteristics.
The pattern of RRs by level of the characteristics studied for both ever/current and current/ever smoking tends to be quite similar to that for the specific analyses.
Further details of variations in RRs by level of the characteristics for all three outcomes, overall and (for COPD and CB) by outcome subtype are given in the Additional files.
As so many of the RRs are common between the specific ever smoking analyses in Table 5 and the analyses preferring ever smoking in Table 9 the pattern of RRs by level of the characteristics studied tends to be quite similar.
Similar(54)
We assumed that there was no linear relationship between the different levels of the characteristics.
In concordance with the differences between the minimum and maximum responses, the participants' judgements on acceptable waiting times also depended significantly on the type of disorder in the vignettes, and the levels of the characteristics that described the vignettes of each disorder.
At the household level, some of the characteristics we modelled are not particularly well suited to act as proxy indicators of financial hardship, such as household expenditure quintiles.
This requires shifts in the focus levels of the characteristic actors in Dutch river management as depicted by means of arrows in Fig. 4.
In this univariate approach, differences in fixed-effect estimates by level of a characteristic were tested for significance using an F-test which compared variation between and within levels of the characteristic considered.
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