In small artificial chromosomes of S. cerevisiae, genes placed near telomeres exhibit a phenomenon known as telomere position effect (TPE) in which their expression is repressed, with the level of repression decreasing with distance from the telomere (for a review of TPE, see [62]).
All but one of these are repressed and the level of repression varies from log2 = -0.32 to -1.76.
Here, we showed that genes hosting intragenic L1s are more likely to be repressed in cancer and that the level of repression depends on the degree of L1 hypomethylation.
That level of repression is intolerable and unsustainable.
The question, then, is who decides what constitutes a "tolerable" level of repression in the absence of a democratic system?
To their surprise, they found that what best predicted war was not a nation's history, ethnic makeup, military spending, level of repression or inequality.
Especially shocking was the level of repression in a country with a longstanding parliamentary tradition and a hitherto mild record of military involvement in politics by regional standards.
We find that although the average level of repression is modest, in agreement with previous population-based measurements, the repression among individual cells varies dramatically.
A far more important indicator is the level of repression it needed to keep protestors -- galvanized by June's fraudulent presidential election -- to a minimum.
Yet Nazarbayev remains popular in Kazakhstan, and the level of repression there is far less than, for example, in neighboring Uzbekistan.
If a number of countries in a region pursue prosecutions, nearby countries also show a decrease in the level of repression, even if they have not held trials.
