Sentence examples for level of internalization from inspiring English sources
The macromolecular fluorogens were optimized by establishing critical polymer architecture-biophysical property relationships which impacted binding rates, binding affinities, and the level of internalization.
Hence, positively charged NPs should show higher level of internalization.
Interestingly, the most negatively charged NPs (bare BA NPs) also showed a very high level of internalization up to 6 h, then tended to decrease.
In our experiments, two positively charged nanozeolites, namely BaA-silane-PEGm(MW2000) and BaA-silane-NH2, showed a very high level of internalization, which is in a good agreement with the above-cited literature.
No inhibition was observed in the level of internalization, compared to controls (lane 1 versus lane 2), indicating that constitutive endocytosis of uPAR is LRP-1-independent.
The lowest dose (1 nM) of the ligand supports endocytosis for up to 20 min, achieving the highest total level of internalization at ∼50%.
Positively charged NPs more adsorb on cell membranes and consequently show higher level of internalizations when compared with negatively charged or neutral NPs.
Interestingly, these abovementioned three intestinal pathogenic bacteria exhibit decreased levels of internalization into intestinal epithelial cells (for Y. enterocolitica and S. flexneri) or pulmonary epithelial cells (for P. aeruginosa) pre-incubated under 1 % O2 for 24 h [30, 31].
Similarly, Cho et al. [27] have found that gold nanoparticles, coated with negative-charged groups, are poorly adsorbed by negatively charged membranes and consequently, show lower levels of internalization compared with positively charged nanoparticles, which are prone to interact with sialic acid, commonly found in the cell membranes.
Overall, the interference or inhibition of endocytosis significantly decreased IGF1R levels of internalization, even after IGF1 stimulation, IGF1R being retained in the cell membrane.
It was indirectly shown that TTR variants with lower stability (more amyloidogenic) had lower levels of internalization than the non-amyloidogenic T119M TTR in the hepatocytes [ 44].
