An intermediate level of gene flow was found amongst populations of the pathogen.
The genetic effect of habitat fragmentation depends largely on the level of gene flow within and among population fragments.
These results are consistent with a higher level of gene flow between western Pygmies (e.g., Biaka Pygmies) and agricultural populations than between eastern Pygmies (e.g., Mbuti Pygmies) and agricultural populations24.
It also determines the level of gene flow between populations and affects processes such as local adaptation, speciation and the evolution of life-history traits.
Similarly, the high level of gene flow and low differentiation observed between two distantly separated K. proteae populations also supported the existence of long-distance dispersal.
Here, we use DNA polymorphism data and genome-wide variation in recombination rate to jointly infer the strength and timing of selection, as well as the baseline level of gene flow under various demographic scenarios.
In some species, genetic divergence has been suppressed by the high level of gene flow between different populations and where the species have hybridized, large hybrid zones exist.
To ensure that the transgene spreads throughout the entire wild populations, however, we need to understand the population structure and level of gene flow of mosquito populations.
Although, a low level of gene flow cannot be ruled out, gene flow from S-RED to BLUE is interpreted to be zero [30], [31].
Though this level of gene flow is sufficient to genetically normalize populations, it is unlikely to be sufficient to reestablish depleted populations.
A recent study on modeling of rice gene flow indicated that the outcrossing ability of a pollen-recipient is an important determinant for the level of gene flow [15].
