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This result demonstrates that there is a lower level of diversity for amoA AOA genes than for 16S rDNA genes47 and suggests that TiO2-NPs affected taxonomically distinct AOA groups harboring similar amoA genes.
Only the conserved bases are specified as constraint, allowing another level of diversity for the sequences.
The idea that motivated this change was that different instance distributions would ensure a certain level of diversity for the constituent classifiers of the ensemble.
This is an impressive level of diversity for any tissue, and allows the flexibility to identify signatures of gene expression correlated with a range of traits.
The level of diversity for nonsynonymous substitutions is much lower than for synonymous in all genes, consistent with some degree of evolutionary constrain (table 2).
In addition, the level of diversity for the U->P class is 1.5-fold higher relative to the no change class in D. simulans (P = 0.009, paired Wilcoxon test), consistent with positive selection increasing diversity at this putatively advantageous class of changes relative to neutral sites (see Kimura 1983, p. 44).
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Mexico also had greater nucleotide diversity and high levels of diversity for each gene.
The NW sector showed intermediate levels of diversity for both markers.
With respect to the Mexico population, all four genes had a haplotype diversity index that ranged from 0.768 to 0.863 indicating high levels of diversity for each gene.
With respect to the Trinidad population, all four genes had a haplotype diversity index that ranged from 0.576 to 0.922 indicating a wider range of diversity spanning moderate to high levels of diversity for each gene.
To determine levels of diversity for Tp3 and Tp6 genes, genomic DNA from leaves of five T. pratense individuals of a Porto population (assigned as TpPorto1to TpPorto5) was extracted using the method of Ingram et al. [ 100].
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