In the words of the user, 'Because there are so many others to answer, there's a level of bystander effect (why spend the effort when someone else will do it?)'.
It's the way some men say, "I'm not the problem" or that they shifted the conversation from actual corpses and victims as well as perpetrators to protecting the comfort level of bystander males.
The absence of adverse effect on the quantity or function of immune cells from HIV-infected patients suggests that there is not a significant level of "bystander death" in uninfected cells.
Of equal significance, the present study shows that treatment with recombinant TRAIL had no adverse effect on either the quantity or function of immune cells from HIV-infected patients with suppressed viral replication, which suggests that there is not a significant level of "bystander death" in uninfected cells from these suppressed patients.
Also, other studies have reported a relationship between the level of bystander signal produced and gender and malignancy status (Mothersill et al, 2001).
In general, a higher level of bystander response was observed in the human relative to the porcine samples, although there were no significant differences in the morphology and growth characteristics between the two species.
It can be assumed that the level of bystander response might correspond to radiation-induced cellular damage, but once the cell damage was too serious to be insufficient in generating more bystander signals, the RIBE would reach to a platform and even then descent as that shown in Figure 1A.
The monitoring levels of bystander children were slightly higher than the parents (Arbuckle et al., 2004; Alexander et al., 2007; Arcury et al., 2007).
Most importantly, elevated miR-21 levels of bystander cells cultured in 1-h RCM seemed to be critical to the increase in ROS levels and bystander DNA damage, as these effects were abolished when miR-21 was downregulated in bystander cells before cultured in RCM.
The level of GDEPT bystander cell killing was notably increased by the use of a fusion protein of the HSVtk enzyme and the HSV intercellular transport protein vp22.
Our results also showed that COX-2 is critical in mediating non-targeted effects when modulated at the level of the bystander cells.
