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Although Beck (2001) has indicated possibilities (such as quantum stochastic resonance) for achieving ordered patterns at the level of assemblies from fundamentally random synaptic processes, this remains an unsolved problem.
Another possibility proposed to limit phenotype space in modern cells is that of the existence of a level of organization intermediate between the macromolecule (or gene) and the cell: this would be the level of assemblies of macromolecules that perform a function, alias hyperstructures [ 3].
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Optimized at each level of assembly are the external shape of the construct and the relative thickness of each duct for fluid flow.
These studies illustrate how designed peptides can amplify the Ångstrom-level atomic symmetry of a surface onto the micrometer scale, further imparting long-range directional order onto the next level of assembly.
Three fundamental examples show how to predict this trend: a power plant with fluid friction and finite heat transfer area, a vascular body with building blocks optimized at every level of assembly, and a vascular body designed based on a duct-pairing algorithm.
At the highest level of assembly, comparisons of pORF clusters reveal that 9% and 7.5% of the mRNAs are shared with the relevant metagenome.
This level of assembly suggests relatively high transcriptome coverage, although without information on the average number of transcripts per cell in each tissue, this cannot be confirmed.
Because of the limited size of these scaffolds and the level of assembly of corresponding draft genomes, it is not currently possible to speculate on the nature of the duplication event that has led to 2 genes.
To directly compare the level of assembly (diversity) in the eight samples, individual rarefaction was used to normalize the number of clusters to an equivalent sampling effort (i.e. that of the smallest sample) (Table 1).
Fourthly, we compared the level of assembly and novelty between our four mRNA and DNA samples and that of the only previously published metatranscriptomic study of a marine microbial community [9].
To determine the possible level of assembly of sequence clusters, total DNA and mRNA sequences were analyzed using a metagenomic sequence analysis pipeline developed at CAMERA Community Cyberinfrastructuree for Advanced Marine Microbial Ecology Research and Analysis [20]) (access to this pipeline can be arranged by contacting the corresponding author).
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