Higher groundwater level constrained the salt accumulation (induced by forest vegetation with high ET) closer to the surface.
It was found that the acetyl-CoA synthetase activity and intracellular ATP levels constrained the activity of acetate re-assimilation pathway, and 4.7 g/L of MCFA titer was finally achieved after alleviating these two limiting factors.
Three levels commonly referred to in health care are macro, meso and micro levels (Table 1), with decisions at higher macro levels often constraining lower level options [ 10, 11, 14, 35, 36].
The orientation of the uncovertebral and facet joints of the mid and lower cervical spine allows for flexion-extension and rotation at each level while constraining lateral flexion; lateral flexion of the neck is primarily a result of combined rotation and flexion at the C3-C7 levels.
In model 3, we tested for differential item functioning at the threshold level, by constraining thresholds across groups.
First, hierarchical modelling features parameter estimation at the group level and at the level of the individual; the group-level parameters constrain the individual-level parameters, and the individual-level parameters inform the group-level parameters.
Simultaneously, the spark angle is maintained at a value so as to yield maximum brake torque while the emissions are reduced to negligibly low levels by constraining the engine operation to ultra-lean burn mode.
The system's noise reduction performance is obtained in a closed-form equation with respect to two top-level design constraining parameters, i.e., secondary path delay and noise bandwidth.
(KI 12) Financial constraints at the community, national, and global levels are constraining scale-up of a variety of interventions (KIs 6 8, 12): "It is very limiting if there are no funds committed centrally by the government to scale-up".
As entropy and energy flow through biological systems at different rates, structure accumulates at different levels of organization; furthermore, the structure at any given level is constrained by energy and entropy flows at other levels.
