Disruption of circadian rhythm has been associated with various cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, and breast cancer.
Besides, GS has also been reported to induce apoptosis, suppress proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in a wide variety of human cancer cell lines, including acute myeloid leukemia, head and neck, prostate, lung, breast, colon and ovarian cancer [ 13- 22].
l-Methotrexate (l-MTX, amethopterin, (2S -2-[[4-[(2S -2-[[4-[pteridin-6-yl)methyl-methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid) (Fig. 1) is an antimetabolite of folic acid that is widely used for the treatment of several cancers, including childhood leukemia, head and neck cancer, and micrometastases of osteosarcoma.
However, the variant c. -61G>T in the RAD51 gene seems to affect the development of breast and triple-negative breast cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and head and neck cancer [ 32, 43– 43].
Dysregulated STAT3 activity has been implicated in the development of a variety of solid and hematological tumors, including leukemia, lymphomas, and head and neck cancer.
Sharma et al. have demonstrated the existence of transcripts with CDH1 exon 11 skipping in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and head and neck cancer cells [ 24, 25].
It is worth noting that CDKN2D expression is induced by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25-VD3 1,25-VD3norc acid (retinoicultiple cell lines, such acid937 myeloid leukemia cells, SCC25 head and neck squamous cell caRAinomultiple and cell-3 linescarcinoma cellsuchuggesting thas CDKN2D is a target of nU937ar receptors and myeloiddirectleukemiaated by the oncellsic PML/RAR α fuSCC25protein.
The STORP gene is positioned 2 kb upstream of the promyelocytic leukemia gene in a head-to-head configuration [ 46].
This was highlighted for the first time in a retrospective cohort review which showed the incidence of 1 excess case of a brain tumor and 1 excess case of leukemia for every 10,000 head CT scans performed among patients under the age of 10 in the 10 years following a single scan [9].
Several types of solid and blood cancers, such as pancreatic, breast, prostate, hepatocellular, lung, leukemia and squamous cell head and neck carcinomas, are accompanied by impaired function and reduced numbers of DCs [ 15- 20].
Each event comprised a different type of lesion (breast cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, lung cancer, pancreatic head mass, polycythemia vera, and thyroid nodule), all were first identified within 6 months of initiation of therapy, and all were considered as not related to the study drug by the investigator.
