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In other words, with increasing steel fibers in the concrete mix, damage in the specimen decreases and the cyclic behavior is more stable in comparison with specimens without steel fibers or less volume fraction of steel fibers. 5.
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The strain to fracture was less affected by the volume fraction of SiC reinforcement and ageing treatment.
They studied the convective heat transfer under turbulent flow regime with nanoparticles having volume fraction, less than 0.2% in the dilute nanofluids.
The porosity free at BNII grain boundary results in the less contribution of higher volume fraction and residual strain to thermal expansion of BNII.
Forced convective heat transfer from a vertical circular tube conveying deionized (DI) water or very dilute Ag-DI water nanofluids (less than 0.02% volume fraction) in a cross flow of air has been investigated experimentally.
Small pores (size ≤20 μm, total volume fraction less than 1%), and some second phase precipitates were present in the deposit.
For mixtures with less than 1.25% fibre volume fraction, the shear strength was gradually increased according to the increase of fibre volume fraction because AMS fibres could be suitably dispersed into the cementitious mixture with below the fibre contents.
A first type, diluted clusters, feature a low concentration of solids (less than 3%5%% solids volume fraction), and form a group of particles that fall faster than the settling velocity of individual particles.
A range of nanofluids containing nanoparticles of aluminium oxide, copper, titanium oxide and silver with nanoparticle volume fraction ranges less than or equal to 0.04 are considered.
The large decrease in critical electric field for oblate-prolate case shows their less interface stability at larger volume fraction of core.
The optimum conditions of phase transfer were obtained when the organic solvent used was a 'good solvent' for natural rubber and its volume fraction was less than 0.5.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com