Most likely this finding represents sampling bias; microorganisms sent from the districts are less likely to survive than samples taken in Nuuk, and district doctors may be less likely to submit samples than Nuuk doctors, given the longer time to receive test results.
One likely hypothesis is a participation bias in that children with poor mathematics skills were less likely to take part in mathematics web-tests, and teachers of children with poor mathematics skills were less likely to submit mathematics ratings to TEDS.
Ms. Treisman, for her part, said she did not believe male writers had any advantage at The New Yorker, noting women are generally less inclined to submit work than are men.
A group looking for occult sarcomas with zero events in their study would be less likely to submit for or be accepted for publication.
"[S]imilar to the pattern that has been found in grant applications for public research funds, whereby women tend to have similar success rates but lower application rates, female first authors may be less likely to submit their manuscripts to the top ranked journals".
We originally conjectured that hunters who killed small (young) bears might have been less likely to submit a tooth sample, either fearing it was a cub (illegal to harvest), or presuming it was a yearling (and so not interested in learning the age from the tooth sectioning).
As Chalmers and Dickersin note, we have evidence that authors are less likely to submit negative studies than positive ones.
Also, the veterinarians did not know what specific diagnosis was being investigated and hence should not be any less likely to submit "dubious" CAD cases.
Even those investigators who have initially published their results as (conference) abstracts are less likely to submit their findings for full publication unless the results are 'significant'significant
A target sample size of 572 was selected to identify 10% norovirus prevalence with a 95% confidence interval of ± 5%, assuming patients with AGE of short duration were 4× less likely to submit samples than those with AGE of longer duration.
