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The assumptions that those on less than middle incomes just don't care, can't be bothered, aren't interested in better food anymore, or the health of farm animals, or our environment, are hideously patronising and fundamentally flawed.
In particular, sons whose fathers have an education equal or less than middle school have the highest intergenerational elasticity estimate of 0.415.
Korea went through a great expansion in education in the last few decades, and the parent-child schooling correlation among 20 69 sons in 2008 is only 0.333, one of the lowest values according to Hertz et al. (2008 .22 In particular, approximately 60% of sons in 2008 are educated beyond high schools, whereas about 50% of their fathers have education equal or less than middle school.
Now, the top bracket pays so little in taxes that many pay less than middle class taxpayers.
And from a longer-term perspective, research has shown that Americans of middle and less than middle income are significantly less happy than they used to be.
Education was classified into four categories: less than middle school (level 1), middle school graduate or some high school (level 2), high school graduate or some college (level 3), and college graduate or higher (level 4).
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Even their own friends sometimes regard them with suspicion, which they couch as lame jokes: "If I (insert semi-illegal behavior here), are you gonna lock me up?" If, like many cops, a rookie grew up in a middle-class area and gets assigned to a less-than-middle-class area, he'll experience a side of life that was heretofore hidden from him.
Heavy drinkers who survive into their 80s are relatively rare: 90% of people who die from liver disease are under 70 years old.Men are twice as likely to perish as women; and, despite drinking less than middle-class professionals, people who live in grimey neighbourhoods are three times more likely to die than those who live in leafy suburbs.
I supplied him with a study (pdf) that used Social Security Administration data to show that because high-income workers depend much less than middle-income workers on Social Security, they would have smaller percentage cuts in overall retirement income than middle-income workers.
Working class students tend to ask for help far less than middle-class students.
Older women weighed significantly less than middle-aged women at baseline, t(216) = 2.3, P < 0.025, but this difference was not clinically significant, and both groups fell in the Class II obesity range (BMI 35.0 to 39.9 kg/m) at pretreatment.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com