Whereas wild-type worms die and become rigid after many seconds, and take minutes to dissolve, we observed that cat-4 and ptps-1 mutant adult worms died in a few seconds or less, ruptured quickly, and their cuticles dissolved completely in <2 min. To quantify the cuticle fragility phenotype of cat-4 and ptps-1 mutants, we tested worms using a mild alkaline bleach treatment.
To that extent, then, the Viking firestorm that swept over the British Isles in the ninth century marked less a rupture with what had gone before than an intensification of it.
For example, overexpression of secreted frizzled-related proteins sFRP1 and sFRP2, two antagonists of Wnt signaling, leads to improved cardiac function, reduced infarct size and less cardiac rupture after MI in mice, suggesting that blocking Wnt signaling is cardioprotective (Barandon et al., 2003; Mirotsou et al., 2007; Alfaro et al., 2008).
This is partly due to the rarity of the event and the serious maternal and infant outcome; it is also partly due to the use of international diagnostic codes that do not differentiate between the less catastrophic partial rupture and more catastrophic complete uterine rupture.
In general, inflammatory aneurysms rupture less commonly than atherosclerotic aneurysms and even less often when compared to infectious aneurysms [ 3, 11, 12].
Some recent studies suggest that calcified areas of plaque may in fact be more stable than those where the buildup is chiefly fatty, and that they may be less likely to rupture and cause a heart attack.
Less frequently a rupture of the brachialis muscle occurs.
During the course of the ART, the presence of oxygen vacancies makes the number of Ti-O bond rupture less than 7/24 per anatase unit cell.
"Because continental faults are less confined, they rupture less frequently, with some faults only coming to life every few thousand years - well beyond human memory or recorded history," explains James Jackson, a geologist at Cambridge University, UK, who heads up Earthquakes Without Frontiers, a project to increase resilience to continental earthquakes.
