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Larger studies and studies with less random variation are given greater weight than smaller studies [ 15].
For the dimensions of Self-Esteem and School-related well-being, less random variation was observed in the parent reports, which also exhibited smaller confidence intervals for the means.
Meta-analyses are inherently less robust than individual prospective cohort studies but are useful in providing an overall effect size, while giving larger studies and studies with less random variation greater weight than smaller studies.
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Thus, the knowledge base itself introduces some more-or-less random variation in the generated output that helps prevent boredom.
This latter method is less biased by random variation and therefore a more efficient estimate of the degree of explanation.
In that case, the potential for bias is greater as the associations are less stable and random variation may produce an outlier OR for a narrow range of cutoffs.
In three of these individuals, the G allele was less methylated, whereas in one individual the A allele was less methylated, which might reflect random variation or a parent-of-origin effect.
The interpretation of MDC90 is that 90% of truly stable patients will demonstrate random variation of less than this magnitude when assessed on multiple occasions.
The same dataset is used in the right panel, in which the differences are related to the (average) parameter value (percent difference) but now the amount of scatter depends on the parameter value: the higher the value, the less (in this example) scatter or random variation there is; this type of scatter is called "heteroscedastic".
For individual types of surgery, case mix varied less between hospitals, and differences were explained largely by random variation.
Using the less stringent criteria of 0.6, five tumors show variation between tumor halves exceeding random variation (WH difference >0.6, points H appearing in both the white and light grey area).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com